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Specs of Most Common Gases

The atmosphere is a mixture of gases that surround the Earth. It is essential to all life and serves several purposes, such as providing air for respiration, absorbing harmful ultraviolet radiation, protecting the earth from falling meteorites, controlling climate and regulating the water cycle.

Nitrogen, oxygen and argon are the three most abundant elements in the atmosphere. The most abundant gas in the atmosphere is nitrogen. The Earth’s atmosphere is composed of approximately 78 percent nitrogen, 21 percent oxygen, 1 percent argon and trace amounts of other gases that include carbon dioxide and neon.

Whatever your application is our complete range of most common gases offers you the optimum gas solution. Nitrogen, Oxygen and Argon are available in both liquid and gases form. They can be supplied in Cryogenic ISO Tanks and in cylinders of different sizes that suit your specific requirement.

Please click below links to find more about these gases.

Nitrogen Oxygen Argon

NITROGEN

Nitrogen is the chemical element with the symbol N and atomic number 7. Nitrogen is colorless, odorless element. Nitrogen is in the soil under our feet, in the water we drink, and in the air we breathe. In fact, nitrogen is the most abundant element in Earth’s atmosphere: approximately 78% of the atmosphere is nitrogen.

Main application of Nitrogen is cutting, purging, cooling and freezing. Nitrogen is widely used for purging in Oil and Gas Industry to push out other fluids and gases, such as water and oxygen, to help create a more stable, noncombustible climate. It is also used in the manufacture of ammonia, to produce nitric acid and subsequently used as a fertilizer.

Liquid nitrogen is utilized as a refrigerant for transporting foodstuff and freezing purposes it also improves the quality and shelf-life of Food items. Preservation of bodies and reproductive cells and stable storage of biological samples also makes use of liquid nitrogen.

Fine Gas offers liquid nitrogen in bulk storage tanks and small Dewar vessels, along with compressed nitrogen gas in cylinders of various sizes. Our nitrogen products are available in a wide range of purity grades to meet diverse industrial, laboratory, medical, and specialized application requirements.

Properties of Nitrogen

Group 15 Melting point −210.0°C, −346.0°F, 63.2 K
Period 2 Boiling point −195.795°C, −320.431°F, 77.355 K
Block P Density (g cm−3) 0.001145
Atomic number 7 Relative atomic mass 14.007
State at 20°C Gas Key isotopes 14N
Electron configuration [He] 2s22p3 CAS number 7727-37-9

OXYGEN

Oxygen is the chemical element with the symbol O and atomic number 8. Oxygen makes up 21% of the atmosphere by volume. Oxygen is a colorless, odorless, tasteless gas essential to living organisms.

Oxygen is used for artificial respiration in hospitals used as life support systems in aircraft, submarines, spaceflight and diving. In industry the main application of oxygen is combustion, oxidation, and fermentation. Combined with fuel gases or with argon (Ar) and carbon dioxide (CO₂), oxygen is also used for metal cutting, welding, scarfing, hardening, cleaning, and melting applications.

Fine Gas offers liquid oxygen in bulk storage tanks, along with compressed oxygen in cylinders of various sizes. Our product range includes medical-grade, industrial-grade, and high-purity oxygen to meet a wide range of industrial, healthcare, and specialized application requirements.

Properties of Oxygen

Group 16 Melting point -219 °c
Period 2 Boiling point -183 °c
Block p Density (g cm−3) 0.001308
Atomic number 8 Relative atomic mass 15.999
State at 20°C Gas Key isotopes 16O
Electron configuration [He]2s2 2p4 CAS number 7782-44-7

ARGON

Argon is a chemical element with the symbol Ar and atomic number 18. It is in group 18 of the periodic table and is a noble gas. Argon is the third-most abundant gas in the Earth’s atmosphere, at 0.934%.

Argon is as inert gas with unique properties used in a variety of industrial and analytical applications Most commonly used in the metal industry for arc welding, also used in Healthcare, Pharmaceutical, Food & Beverages, Automotive, Chemicals, Glass, Water Treatment, Cutting & Fabrication and many more, it can also be used as part of a mixture with other gases and in labs as a carrier gas in gas chromatographs.

Fine Gas offers industrial-grade and high-purity argon, along with a comprehensive range of argon-based gas mixtures to meet diverse industrial, welding, metal fabrication, laboratory, and specialized application requirements.

Properties of Argon

Group 18 Melting point -189 oC
Period 3 Boiling point -185.7 oC
Block p Density (g cm−3) 0.001633
Atomic number 18 Relative atomic mass 39.948
State at 20°C Gas Key isotopes 40Ar
Electron configuration [Ne] 3s23p6 CAS number 7440-37-1

Ultra High Purity Gases & Calibration Gas Mixtures

Ultra-high purity gases have been specifically designed for the analytical user. They contain the lowest levels of critical impurities available on the market. Along with our Principal Air Products we can offer High purity gases includes acetylene, argon, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, helium, nitrogen, oxygen and synthetic air (zero air) all of which have been designed to deliver peace of mind whatever your application or use.

Whether it is laboratory analysis or process control, our experts are on hand to assist you in selecting the right gas for your requirements. Understanding which impurities, and at what level, interfere with your specific analysis, enables us to provide you with a range of gases and grades which enable you to achieve the most accurate results.

Our specialty ultra-high purity gases are available with a range of purity levels, and sizes to accommodate your process and budget. These are available in a comprehensive range of package options, including 138 bar to 200 bar in 10L, 47L and 50L cylinders.

Specialty gas mixtures and certified multi component calibration gas mixtures used for research, analysis and control. They enable calibration of laboratory equipment and on-line analyzers, gas detectors, chromatography equipment, moisture analyzers or spectrometers and more.

Please click below links to find more about these gases.

Ultra-High Purity Gases Calibration Gases and Specialty Gas Mixtures

Calibration Gases and Specialty Gas Mixtures

Fine Gas Company Limited, in collaboration with its associate, Air Products, offers a comprehensive range of calibration gases and specialty gas mixtures for testing, calibrating, and verifying the performance and accuracy of gas detectors, analytical instruments, and monitoring systems.
Our gas mixtures serve a wide range of applications, including:
• Flammable Gas Detection
• Toxic Gas Detection
• Refrigerant Gas Detection
• Ethanol Breath Testing
• Gas Chromatography
• Food Atmosphere Analysis
• Medical Gas Analysis
• Environmental Monitoring
Our portfolio ranges from simple binary mixtures for Lower Explosive Limit (LEL) detection to complex, multi-component laboratory standards containing components at low parts-per-million (ppm) and parts-per-billion (ppb) concentrations. These mixtures are designed for applications where accuracy, stability, and reliability are essential.

Flexible Supply Options

Fine Gas offers calibration gas mixtures in both refillable cylinders and non-refillable canisters to suit different application requirements, gas consumption levels, and operational needs.
• Refillable Cylinders: Available in 10-litre and 50-litre cylinder sizes, with gas compositions tailored to customer specifications. Certification options include ISO 6142 and ISO 6143, where applicable, with certified stability periods of up to 120 months for selected mixtures.
• Non-Refillable Canisters: Compact and convenient solutions for applications requiring smaller gas volumes. These are available for selected mixtures and offer reliable stability for both reactive and non-reactive components, subject to the specific gas composition and packaging.

Customized Calibration Gas Solutions

Fine Gas can supply a comprehensive range of calibration gases, from small non-refillable canisters to 10-litre and 50-litre refillable cylinders. We also offer customized gas compositions and supporting certification documentation according to customer specifications and application requirements.

Equipment & Tools

Ultra High Purity gases and Gas Mixtures require the use of specially designed and engineered gas handling equipment to ensure that the gases reach the point of use is as per required purity, pressure and flow. Fine Gas deals a comprehensive range of such regulating, control and handling equipment.

We can offer gas handling & regulatory equipment such as VIE Tanks, Cylinders, Gauges, Valves, Flow Meters, Safety Equipment and Central Supply System for medical gases.

VIE Tanks were installed within Customer’s Premises for uninterrupted and pure Supply to the required point through central supply system. These cryogenic customer station Tanks are filled with Liquid Oxygen or Liquid Nitrogen through Mobile Lorry Tankers.

For the storage and movement of gases, gas cylinders were used. We can offer gases in complete range of cylinders from small 0l Liter non refillable canister to 50 liter big cylinders, steel as well as aluminum cylinders. These cylinders were also fitted with appropriate cylinders’ valves. The valves on industrial, medical and diving cylinders usually have threads of different handedness, sizes and types, as are the threads for different categories of gases, making it more difficult to mistakenly misuse a gas.

We also offer Cylinder pressure regulators use to withdraw gas from a cylinder. We can provide both Single Stage and Double Stage Regulators of Brass and Stainless Steel. Single stage Regulators are used when occasional gas consumption is required, for example in calibration gas injection. Two-stage cylinder regulators are required when a continuous flow of gas is required over an extended period of time, for example instrumentation gases and other continuous flow applications.

Logistics & Storage

We have well established, nationwide logistics network to reach out customers all around the country. We also have large storage capacity for cryogenic liquids & gases and we offer storage tanks to be installed at customer premises on rental basis of various capacities to cater the needs of all customers.

In order to transport Liquid Nitrogen, Liquid Oxygen, Fine gas has well equipped and advance fleet of Liquid Oxygen and Liquid Nitrogen Mobile Tankers. For the movement and storage of Compressed Gas we have range of cylinders from small 0l Liter non refillable canister to 50 liter big cylinders, steel as well as aluminum cylinders and have also maintained trucks to supply cylinders of various capacities to customers. The logistics system is being separately maintained in Lahore and Karachi.

HELIUM

Helium is a chemical element with the symbol He and atomic number 2. It is a colorless, odorless, tasteless, non-toxic, inert, monatomic gas and the first in the noble gas group in the periodic table. Its boiling and melting point are the lowest among all the elements.

Because of its extremely low temperature Liquid helium is used in MRIs and NMR to maintain the superconducting properties of magnets in applications.

Helium is lighter than Air and nonflammable inert gas and is used to blowing both balloons and airships. It is also used in metal arc and laser welding. It serves as a carrier gas for gas chromatography (GC) in analytical laboratories and as a leak detection gas in a wide range of industries.

Along with our Partner Fine Gas offers Helium in both Gaseous and Liquid form in all purities and proud to be the most reliable source of Helium in the Region.

Properties of Helium

Helium (He) Physical Properties
Melting Point 0.95 K (or -272.2oC)
Boiling Point 4.222 K (or -268.928oC)
Density 0.1786 g/L at STP; 0.145 g.cm-3 at its melting point
Critical Temperature and Pressure 5.195 K; 0.227 MPa
Triple Point 2.177 K; 5.043 kPa
Appearance (at STP) Colourless gas

HYDROGEN

Hydrogen is the chemical element with the symbol H and atomic number 1. Hydrogen is the lightest element. At standard conditions hydrogen is a gas of diatomic molecules having the formula H₂. It is colorless, odorless, tasteless, non-toxic, and highly combustible.

Oil refineries use hydrogen to make lower sulphur, cleaner burning transport fuels to reduce air pollution, and the metals industries use hydrogen to reduce metal oxides and to prevent oxidation during heat-treating process.

Hydrogen is used in semiconductor manufacturing to reduce atmospheres. In the chemical, pharmaceutical and food industries, hydrogenation processes are used to combine hydrogen molecules with other compounds.

Fine Gas offers High purity Hydrogen having purity 99.999% in specially designed H-Rated European Steel Cylinders.

Properties of Hydrogen

Group 1 Melting point −259.16°C, −434.49°F, 13.99 K
Period 1 Boiling point −252.879°C, −423.182°F, 20.271 K
Block s Density (g cm−3) 0.000082
Atomic number 1 Relative atomic mass 1.008
State at 20°C Gas Key isotopes 1H, 2H
Electron configuration 1s1 CAS number 133-74-0

RARE GASES

The rare gases, also known as the noble gases or the inert gases, are a group of six gaseous elements found in small amounts in the atmosphere: helium (He), neon (Ne), argon (Ar), krypton (Kr), xenon (Xe), and radon (Rn). Collectively they make up about one percent of Earth’s atmosphere.

They were discovered by scientists near the end of the nineteenth century, and because they were so unreactive were initially called the inert gases.

The properties of each rare gas dictate its specific commercial applications. Because they are the most abundant, and therefore the least expensive to produce, helium and argon find the most commercial applications. Helium’s low density and inertness make it ideal for use in lighter-than-air craft, such as balloons and blimps. Because of its extremely low temperature Liquid helium is used in MRIs and NMR

Neon is well known for its use in neon signs. Glass tubes of any shape can be filled with neon and when an electrical charge is passed through the tube, an orange red glow is emitted. By contrast, ordinary incandescent light bulbs are filled with argon. Because argon is so inert, it does not react with the hot metal filament and prolongs the bulb’s life. Argon is also used to provide an inert atmosphere in welding and high-temperature metallurgical processes. By surrounding hot metals with inert argon, the metals are protected from potential oxidation by oxygen in the air. Krypton and xenon also find commercial lighting applications. Krypton can be used in incandescent light bulbs

Fine Gas along with its partners offers rare gases and rare gas mixtures in a variety of purities and concentrations.

Properties of Rare Gases

Property Helium Neon Argon Krypton Xenon Radon
Density (g/dm3) 0.1786 0.9002 1.7818 3.708 5.851 9.97
Boiling point (K) 4.4 27.3 87.4 121.5 166.6 211.5
Melting point (K) 0.95 24.7 83.6 115.8 161.7 202.2
Enthalpy of vaporization (kJ/mol) 0.08 1.74 6.52 9.05 12.65 18.1
Solubility in water at 20 °C (cm3/kg) 8.61 10.5 33.6 59.4 108.1 230
Atomic number 2 10 18 36 54 86
Atomic radius (calculated) (pm) 31 38 71 88 108 120
Ionization energy (kJ/mol) 2372 2080 1520 1351 1170 1037
Electronegativity 4.16 4.79 3.24 2.97 2.58 2.60

 

FOOD GASES

Food grade gases are specially selected and supplied gases used throughout the food and beverage industry to maintain product quality, freshness, safety, and shelf life. These gases play an important role in food processing, packaging, preservation, freezing, carbonation, and storage applications.
Commonly used food grade gases include Carbon Dioxide (CO₂), Nitrogen (N₂), and Oxygen (O₂). Depending on the application, these gases are used individually or in carefully controlled mixtures to create modified atmospheres that help slow oxidation, inhibit the growth of certain spoilage microorganisms, and preserve the quality of food products.
Food grade gases are widely used in dairy products, meat and poultry, seafood, bakery items, snacks, beverages, edible oils, and ready-to-eat foods. The selection of gas and its purity depends on the food product, processing method, packaging requirements, and applicable food safety standards.
Fine Gas provides gas supply solutions to support the requirements of the food processing, packaging, beverage, and related industries. Our offerings can be tailored to the specific needs of food manufacturers, bottling plants, commercial kitchens, and industrial food processing facilities.

Properties of Common Food Grade Gases

Property Nitrogen (N₂) Carbon Dioxide (CO₂) Oxygen (O₂)
Chemical Symbol N₂ CO₂ O₂
CAS Number 7727-37-9 124-38-9 7782-44-7
Molecular Weight 28.014 g/mol 44.01 g/mol 31.998 g/mol
Appearance Colourless, odourless gas Colourless gas Colourless, odourless gas
Flammability Non-flammable Non-flammable Non-flammable; supports combustion
Common Food Applications Packaging, inerting, blanketing Carbonation, cooling, packaging Specialized processing and packaging

DISSOLVED ACETYLENE

Acetylene is the chemical compound with the formula C2H2. Acetylene sometimes also referred as DA Gas. It is a hydrocarbon and the simplest alkyne. This colorless gas is widely used as a fuel and a chemical building block. It is unstable in its pure form and thus is usually handled as a solution. Pure acetylene is odorless, but commercial grades usually have a marked odor due to impurities.

Acetylene produces highest known flame temperature when mixed with Oxygen. Commercially, it is produced by reaction of Calcium Carbide with water. The Acetylene is highly unstable in nature and needs to be dissolved in a solvent called Acetone or DMF. Because of its highly unstable nature, Acetylene is always stored in Acetylene gas cylinders already saturated with required quantity of solvent.

Main application of DA Gas in industry is for metal cutting / welding / brazing purpose, also use as a lighting lamp in mines and caves, use in Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy.

Fine gas produce DA Gas at Karachi facility and can offer DA gas in Cylinders.

Properties of Acetylene

Chemical formula C2H2
Molar mass 26.038 g·mol−1
Appearance Colorless gas
Odor Odorless
Density 1.1772 g/L = 1.1772 kg/m3 (0 °C, 101.3 kPa)
Melting point −80.8 °C (−113.4 °F; 192.3 K) Triple point at 1.27 atm
Sublimation conditions −84 °C; −119 °F; 189 K (1 atm)
Solubility in water slightly soluble
Solubility Slightly soluble in alcohol soluble in acetone, benzene
Vapor pressure 44.2 atm (20°C)
Acidity (pKa) 25
Conjugate acid Ethynium
Magnetic susceptibility (χ) −20.8×10−6 cm3/mol
Thermal conductivity 21.4 mW·m−1·K−1 (300 K)

NITROUS OXIDE

Nitrous oxide, commonly known as laughing gas, nitrous, or NOS, is a chemical compound, an oxide of nitrogen with the formula N2O. At room temperature, it is a colorless non-flammable gas, and has a slightly sweet scent and taste. At elevated temperatures, nitrous oxide is a powerful oxidizer similar to molecular oxygen.

Nitrous oxide has significant medical uses, especially in surgery and dentistry, for its anaesthetic and pain reducing effects. It is on the World Health Organization’s List of Essential Medicines. It is also used as an oxidizer in rocket propellants, and in motor racing to increase the power output of engines.

Properties of Nitrous Oxide

Chemical formula N2O
Molar mass 44.013 g/mol
Appearance colourless gas
Density 1.977 g/L (gas)
Melting point −90.86 °C (−131.55 °F; 182.29 K)
Boiling point −88.48 °C (−127.26 °F; 184.67 K)
Solubility in water 1.5 g/L (15 °C)
Solubility soluble in alcohol, ether, sulfuric acid
log P 0.35
Vapor pressure 5150 kPa (20 °C)
Magnetic susceptibility (χ) −18.9·10−6 cm3/mol
Refractive index (nD) 1.000516 (0 °C, 101,325 kPa)
Viscosity 14.90 μPa·s

REFRIGERANT GASES

Refrigerant is a compound typically found in either a fluid or gaseous state. It readily absorbs heat from the environment and can provide refrigeration or air conditioning when combined with other components such as compressors and evaporators.

Fine Gas Company offers refrigerants to meet the need of Automobile, Home appliance and air conditioning market. Fine Gas Company is a sole distributor of World renowned brands of Refrigerants and offers widest range of products in the market through their partners ARKEMA FRANCE and WHACOOL CHINA. Fine Gas offer these refrigerants in different packing sizes including cylinders, drums, and bulk deliveries.

Along with our Principals Arkema France and Whacool China, Fine Gas is offering a range of products like fluorocarbon refrigerants including HFCs, and HCFCs as well as full range of environment friendly refrigerants and Hydrocarbon Refrigerants that includes, R-22, R134a, R410a, R407C, R404A, R38a, R600, R290 etc.